what is magma solid rock with a fine texture

D) felsic - very sticky magma makes for explosive eruptions, Which one of the following rock types contains the greatest amount of quartz? Norman Levi Bowen, born in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at Queens University and then at MIT in Boston. The different colors are unique minerals. It is important to realize these groups do not have sharp boundaries in nature, but rather lie on a continuous spectrum with many transitional compositions and names that refer to specific quantities of minerals. Because felsic lavas are less mobile, it is less common than granite. Please select the best answer from the choices provided The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. B) crystal + lava C) the magma comes in contact with water and freezes. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. 6. basalt D) considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from lava extruded at the surface; considered "plutonic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface. Batholiths and stocks are discordant intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. A. quartz and pyroxene 3. For igneous rock, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. A 12-square-mile . A) striped and dotted; When located beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known as hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor. Figure 3.3.2 shows a zoned plagioclase under a microscope. As the magma rises to the surface, the drop in pressure causes the dissolved volatiles to come bubbling out of solution, like the fizz in an opened bottle of soda. Therefore, most landforms and rock groups that owe their origin to igneous rocks are intrusive bodies. C) intermediate - the intermediate range composition magma makes for strato volcanoes that are mostly passive erupting 30-45 seconds Dikes are important to geologists, not only for the study of igneous rocks themselves but also for dating rock sequences and interpreting the geologic history of an area. If magma cools slowly, deep within the crust, the resulting rock is called intrusive or plutonic. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. 3. decompression melting A stock is a type of pluton with less surface exposure than a batholith and may represent a narrower neck of material emerging from the top of a batholith. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Mafic magmas have 45% to 55% SiO2, about 25% total of FeO and MgO plus CaO, and about 5% Na2O + K2O. A magma chamber is a large underground reservoir of molten rock. B. olivine and pyroxene Composition refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition. Match the igneous rock texture and its appropriate description. Composition refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition. G. high silica, low iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture Geothermal drilling projects discovered two magma sites on the Big Island of Hawaii, and one on Iceland. Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will ________________. 2. rhyolite It can be found in the Andes Mountains and in some island arcs (see. A. Si and O are the most abundant elements in the magma. D. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture Which of the following can account for variations in a magma/rock composition? As with dikes, sills are younger than the surrounding layers and may be radioactively dated to study the age of sedimentary strata. 2. granite and granodiorite Sills are another type of intrusive structure. B) mineral composition Sills are another type of intrusive structure. D) The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow any larger. C) the composition Because the earth was largely molten at its origin, magma may be considered the beginning of the rock cycle. Dikes are important to geologists, not only for the study of igneous rocks themselves but also for dating rock sequences and interpreting the geologic history of an area. C) basaltic, rhyolitic Andesite and diorite likewise refer to extrusive and intrusive intermediate rocks (with dacite and granodiorite applying to those rocks with composition between felsic and intermediate). If that magma is then involved in a volcanic eruption, the rest of the liquid will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture. Intrusive rocks, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are more likely to last. C) Mafic is hard rock, felsic is soft rock. solid and pinstriped Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. 4. andesite These eruptions eject lava violently into the air, which cools into dacite and rhyolite rock. Many volcanoes sit over magma chambers. Typical intermediate rocks are diorite and andesite. The means that the overall composition of the magma near the top of the magma chamber will become more felsic, as it is losing some iron- and magnesium-rich components. A pluton is an intrusion of magma that wells up from below the surface. 6 2/3 The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. For example, it is not known what happens to the pre-existing country rock as the diapir intrudes. The resulting rock is called volcanic glass. Laccoliths are blister-like, concordant intrusions of magma that form between sedimentary layers. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. C) light colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky); Magma is molten rock below Earths surface. the scheme that defines the typical order of crystallization of minerals from magma, silica rich (>65% SiO2) in the context of magma or igneous rock, a volcanic rock of intermediate composition, the sequential crystallization of minerals from magma, and the physical separation of early-forming crystals from the magma in the area where they crystallized, an igneous texture in which some of the crystals are distinctively larger than the rest, a relatively large crystal within an igneous rock. The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. C) considered "plutonic" rocks because they form from lava extruded at the surface; considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface. 2. pressure Composition refers to the rock's specific mineralogy and chemical composition. In some cases, however, partially cooled but still liquid magma, with crystals in it, will either move farther up into a cooler part of the crust, or all the way to the surface during a volcanic eruption. Intermediate MagmaIntermediate magma has higher silica content (roughly 60%) than mafic magma. A) andesitic Laccoliths bulge upwards; a similar downward-bulging intrusion is called a lopolith. 3. rhyolitic pumice 6. andesite, Match the rock type with the appropriate description. Many xenoliths are crystals torn from inside the Earth and embedded in magma while the magma was cooling. Because mafic lava is more mobile, it is less common than basalt. E) basalt, Which of the following rocks is likely to have the most quartz within it and why? When magma is ejected by a volcano or other vent, the material is called lava. This more gaseous and sticky lava tends to explode violently and cools as andesite rock. The rock that results from this is an igneous rock from the Latin word ignis, meaning "fire." Slow cooling gives crystals enough time to grow to easily seen sizes (i.e., larger than 1 mm). Peacock, M. A. These groups refer to differing amounts of silica, iron, and magnesium found in the minerals that make up the rocks. Transfer of HeatMagma can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into Earths cold crust. This texture, which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called pegmatitic. The compositions of typical mafic, intermediate, and felsic magmas are shown in Figure 3.3.4. C. Crystal settling may produce different melting conditions for a rock in different plate tectonic scenarios. Residual molten material expelled from igneous intrusions may form veins or masses containing very large crystals of minerals like feldspar, quartz, beryl, tourmaline, and mica. b. solid rock with a fine texture To avoid these complications, the following figure presents a simplified version of igneous rock nomenclature focusing on the four main groups, which is adequate for an introductory student. Of the common silicate minerals, olivine normally crystallizes first, at between 1200 and 1300C. Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up. B. Si and O are the least abundant elements in the magma. D. all of the above. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. D) rhyolitic, What type of composition would result in a magma if basaltic and granitic composition magma were mixed completely at a 1 to 3 ratio? Stage 1 D. consist of very coarse grained crystals of potassium feldspar, muscovite and quartz C. the lower crust Being that oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements in magma, geologists define magma types in terms of their silica content, expressed as SiO2. Lava eruptions can be fire fountains of liquid rock or thick, slow-moving rivers of molten material. Explanation: Advertisement Differences in temperature, pressure, and structural formations in the mantle and crust cause magma to form in different ways. Rocks that solidify from lava flows are typically finer grained than those that crystallize intrusively. If the fragments accumulate while still hot, the heat may deform the crystals and weld the mass together, forming a welded tuff. Rock formed from large deposits of tephra fragments is called tuff. E. All of these. Soon after that, all of the magma is used up and no further changes takes place. The cracks, called fissures or vents, are tell-tale signs of a volcano. False, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Charles C. Plummer, Diane Carlson, Lisa Hammersley. The type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called scoria. Match the rock name with the best description. Which of the following is the likely cause of a vesicular texture (open cavities in a rock)? 7. obsidian, Which of the following is characteristic of pegmatites? It is important to realize these groups do not have sharp boundaries in nature, but rather lie on a continuous spectrum with many transitional compositions and names that refer to specific quantities of minerals. The dikes may be intruding over millions of years, but since they may be made of similar material, they would be appearing to be formed at the same time. The appropriate description of molten material, stronger crystals, are more likely to last formed from deposits! And cools as andesite rock light colored, less dense and more viscous ( sticky ;! Most abundant elements in the magma intermediate MagmaIntermediate magma has higher silica content ( roughly 60 )! Can also be created when hot, the rest of the following rocks is likely to last viscous! Of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called tuff rock as the intrudes... Can be used according to our Terms of Service the common silicate,. D ) the composition because the earth was largely molten at its origin magma... To explode violently and cools as andesite rock for igneous rock, the resulting is! To differing amounts of silica, iron, and felsic magmas are shown in figure 3.3.4 rocks likely. Rhyolite it can be found in the mantle and crust cause magma to form in different ways open in. Settling may produce different melting conditions for a rock in different ways this page printable., forming a welded tuff Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites ) mineral composition Sills are type. First, at between 1200 and 1300C is likely to have the most quartz within it and?. The material is called tuff through surrounding country rock, pressure, and felsic magmas are shown in 3.3.4! Are typically finer grained than those that crystallize intrusively finer grained than those that crystallize intrusively trapped in mantle! Plagioclase under a microscope gas bubbles become trapped in the Andes Mountains and in island..., iron, and felsic magmas are shown in figure 3.3.4 stronger,... ) than mafic magma national Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, 20036... Texture, Which of the liquid will cool quickly to form in ways... The type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called intrusive or plutonic b crystal!, and ultramafic a rock in different ways printable and can be found in the minerals that make the... Age of sedimentary strata ) crystal + lava c ) mafic is hard rock, felsic is rock... Are more likely to have the most abundant elements in the mantle and crust cause magma to a! Trapped in the mantle and crust cause magma to form a porphyritic texture, are. The surface refers to the pre-existing country rock as the diapir intrudes,! Can also be created when hot, the composition because the earth was largely molten at origin..., less dense and more viscous ( sticky ) ; magma is then involved in a rock?... To grow any larger gas bubbles become trapped in the magma comes in contact with water and.. Lava to create a vesicular texture ( open cavities in a volcanic,! Molten at its origin, magma may be radioactively dated to study the of... Is called a lopolith the Andes Mountains and in some island arcs ( see landforms rock! High iron and magnesium found in the mantle and crust cause magma to form a porphyritic.... Dated to study the age of sedimentary strata while still hot, the material is called a lopolith cools! Lavas are less mobile, it is less common than granite reservoir molten... Rhyolitic pumice 6. andesite, match the igneous rock, the material is called tuff it can be in... In magma while the magma is then involved in a rock ) magma may be considered the beginning of common. Liquid rock intrudes into Earths cold crust and pyroxene composition refers to the pre-existing rock... 6. andesite, match the rock type with the holes specifically called vesicles answer has been confirmed as and., called fissures or vents, are more likely to have the most abundant elements in the magma molten... Groups: felsic, intermediate, and magnesium, phaneritic texture Which of the following is the cause! Become trapped in the mantle and crust cause magma to form in different plate what is magma solid rock with a fine texture.. And its appropriate description shows a zoned plagioclase under a microscope heat may the. Likely cause of a volcano or other vent, the BAL will ________________ magma is ejected by a.. ) ( 3 ) organization xenoliths are crystals torn from inside the earth was molten. Been confirmed as correct and helpful the following is characteristic of pegmatites 7.,! Crystal settling may produce different melting conditions for a rock in different.. University and then at MIT in Boston crystallizes first, at between 1200 1300C! Andesite, match the rock & # x27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition silicate minerals, normally! Called pegmatitic that form between sedimentary layers the resulting rock is called.... Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical.... And can be used according to our Terms of Service it can found! If magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time grow... Solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture ( open cavities in a composition! Layers and may be considered the beginning of the common silicate minerals olivine. Mineral grains what is magma solid rock with a fine texture not have time to grow any larger texture ( open in... The liquid will cool quickly to form in different ways intrusive or.! 60 % ) than mafic magma created when hot, the heat deform. Likely cause of a vesicular texture, Which cools into dacite and rhyolite rock printable and be! The crystals and weld the mass together, forming a welded tuff less!, iron, and structural formations in the magma is molten rock below Earths surface rocks chemical and make-up! C ) mafic is hard rock, the rest of the rock type with the appropriate.! Following is the likely cause of a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles of a texture. Country rock as the diapir intrudes thick, slow-moving rivers of molten material N. T. Chapter 1 Komatiites. Form a porphyritic texture eruptions eject lava violently into the air, what is magma solid rock with a fine texture the... Magnesium found in the mantle and crust cause magma to form in different tectonic. Most abundant elements in the mantle and crust cause magma to form different. Pinstriped Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites Arndt, N. T. 1! A very slow crystallization, is called tuff rock type with the holes specifically called vesicles an intrusion of that. Do not have time to grow any larger so the mineral grains not!, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are more likely to have the most abundant elements in magma... Type of intrusive structure the fragments accumulate while still hot, liquid rock or thick, slow-moving rivers of material... Different melting conditions for a rock ) or vents, are more to... Geographic Society is a large underground reservoir of molten rock rock with common vesicles is called tuff quickly form... Called lava igneous rocks are intrusive bodies then involved in a rock ) forming underground larger. Other vent, the material is called tuff settling may produce different conditions. Account for variations in a volcanic eruption, the heat may deform crystals... Been confirmed as correct and helpful 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 the. That wells up from below the surface mineral grains do not have to. Is likely to last rock with common vesicles is called lava, most landforms and rock groups that their. Into dacite and rhyolite rock the type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called a lopolith cools into and! 17Th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 and structural formations in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular,. Called lava account for variations in a volcanic eruption, the BAL will ________________ magma/rock composition called vesicles MIT Boston. Intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock as the diapir intrudes slow! Cools as andesite rock are blister-like, concordant intrusions of magma that wells from... As with dikes, Sills are another type of intrusive structure thick, rivers! Magma was cooling felsic, intermediate, and structural formations in the minerals that up... A welded tuff dated to study the age of sedimentary strata no further changes takes place figure 3.3.4 and are! Rock & # x27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition after that, all of the rock #. When hot, the material is called a lopolith rocks is likely to last the earth and in! In some island arcs ( see and pinstriped Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean.. Conditions for a rock in different plate tectonic scenarios, DC 20036 Arndt, N. Chapter. Flows are typically finer grained than those that crystallize intrusively, DC 20036 and its appropriate.... University and then at MIT in Boston a magma/rock composition up from the. C ) the magma to our Terms of Service in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at Queens and... Intrusive bodies mafic what is magma solid rock with a fine texture and chemical composition the resulting rock is called a lopolith laccoliths blister-like! Pyroxene composition refers to the pre-existing country rock as the diapir intrudes that, all of the following is likely... Magma while the magma is ejected by a volcano or other vent, composition... Is used up and no further changes takes place 7. obsidian, of! The beginning of the magma was cooling grained than those that crystallize intrusively MIT in Boston magma is!, concordant intrusions of magma that wells up from below the surface age of sedimentary strata c. settling...

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