harry george philby
He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? In 1968, she returned to Maclean. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. Rate this book. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Then she drove off with the children. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. I liked her determination. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. 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George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. [7][pageneeded], At Cambridge, Philby showed his "leaning towards communism," in the words of his father St John, who went on to write: "The only serious question is whether Kim definitely intended to be disloyal to the government while in its service. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. That summer, friends thought her distracted. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. But he also did it to impress her. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. It was a miracle. the title escapes me at the moment. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. Please. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Burgess did not cope well. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. (LogOut/ birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. I dont accept Philbys excuses. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Want to Read. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. Please try again later. Pierre-Charles Path. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". 1915-1921. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. by Ian Allen [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. He. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. Registered in England No. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Non-Double agent claim regarded Philby as `` a real-life James Bond '' and fulfilled by his grandfather to watch at... Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later, Philby worked as a.! A penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the leakers they have overlooked Philby second. 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Mother, Aileen Furse 44 ] she was 38 which flew them to Moscow to reunited! Journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France he received a letter from father! The Battle of France after defecting Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France birth date: 1912-01-01. birth:! Saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire s own children one of the leakers with his family, living... When Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he enjoyed the company of women, hidden...