hoover dam water level chart
[27], On January 10, 1931, the Bureau made the bid documents available to interested parties, at five dollars a copy. As Secretary of Commerce from 1921-1928, Hoover helped the relevant states negotiate the Colorado River Compact and publicly backed the project. In the creation of the Hoover Dam the engineers had to create one of the largest man-made lakes called Lake Mead. [116] The spillways were modified in 1947 by adding flip buckets, which both slow the water and decrease the spillway's effective capacity, in an attempt to eliminate conditions thought to have contributed to the 1941 damage. Shortly afterward, work began on two similar tunnels in the Arizona canyon wall. The demand for this essential water source in the dry, arid American Southwest was extremely high, and each state wanted to secure its fair share. What is horsepower in terms of falling water? Drought. The sidewalls were poured next. The final generator was not placed in service until 1961, bringing the maximum generating capacity to 1,345 megawatts at the time. The elevation at the end of July 2000around the time of the Landsat 7 images above and belowwas 1199.97 feet (365.8 meters). How much concrete is in the dam? Current conditions of GAGE HEIGHT are available. [51] Concrete cores were removed from the dam for testing in 1995; they showed that "Hoover Dam's concrete has continued to slowly gain strength" and the dam is composed of a "durable concrete having a compressive strength exceeding the range typically found in normal mass concrete". The maximum capacity of Lake Mead is 28.5 million acre-feet (35 cubic kilometers) of water, with an acre-foot equaling the amount required to cover one acre to a depth of one foot. Six Companies ordered thousands of what initially were called "hard boiled hats" (later "hard hats") and strongly encouraged their use. Work on the upper cofferdam began in September 1932, even though the river had not yet been diverted. For other uses, see, Dam in Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, US, Hoover Dam panoramic view from the Arizona side showing the penstock towers, the Nevada-side spillway entrance and the, Groundworks, rock clearance and grout curtain, Olberhelman, Olberhelman, and Lampe. U.S. Geological Survey [93] The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935; a crew of 500men remained to finish it and other structures. Prior to Nov. 1, 1939, water-stage recorder at site 9 mi downstream at datum 594.8 ft above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, from topographic map. Continuing a 22-year downward trend, water levels in Lake Mead stand at their lowest since April 1937, the water level at Lake Mead in Nevada, USA, was 1047.43 feet above sea level and 172.17 feet below Full Pool as of its last reading on Feb. 21, 2023, Lake Mead is down -19.61 feet from one year ago. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians Southern California Edison Co. - 5.5377 percent [122] Visitors can only purchase tickets on-site and have the options of a guided tour of the whole facility or only the power plant area. Complementing Kaufmann and True's work, sculptor Oskar J. W. Hansen designed many of the sculptures on and around the dam. How are these towers connected to the powerplant? Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapseincluding an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. Gates are raised and lowered depending on water levels in the reservoir and flood conditions. Therotoris a series of electromagnets, also called poles. "[72] At one point in the speech, he spoke the words "Boulder Dam" five times within thirty seconds. Timeline of the History of the United States, timeline of the history of the United States. Peak placements were 10,462 cubic yards in one day (including some concrete placed in the intake towers and powerplant), and slightly over 275,000 cubic yards in one month. Bureau of Reclamation engineers calculated that if the dam were to be built in a single continuous pour, the concrete would take 125 years to cool, and the resulting stresses would cause the dam to crack and crumble. San Diego County Water Authority Before construction could commence there were some important roadblocks that needed to be tackled. How is the firm energy generated at Hoover Dam allocated? Surrounding the base is a terrazzo floor, inlaid with a star chart, or celestial map. How are the 30-foot-diameter pipes connected to the turbines? The detailed images below also include a view from Landsat 8 on July 8, 2021 (middle). Water elevations between 950.0 feet to 895.0 feet is considered "inactive pool" because water can be released from the dam downstream but does not generate hydropower. [20], Legislation to authorize the dam was introduced repeatedly by two California Republicans, Representative Phil Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson, but representatives from other parts of the country considered the project as hugely expensive and one that would mostly benefit California. Wilbur justified his choice on the ground that Hoover was "the great engineer whose vision and persistence has done so much to make [the dam] possible". [129][130], During the years of lobbying leading up to the passage of legislation authorizing the dam in 1928, the press generally referred to the dam as "Boulder Dam" or as "Boulder Canyon Dam", even though the proposed site had shifted to Black Canyon. many who toiled here found their final rest while engaged in the building of this dam. While suspended from the top of the canyon with ropes, the high-scalers climbed down the canyon walls and removed the loose rock with jackhammers and dynamite. [49], A second labor action took place in July 1935, as construction on the dam wound down. The lake elevation data below come from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), which manages Lake Mead, Lake Powell, and other portions of the Colorado River watershed. That means water levels are likely to continue to fall in 2016 to roughly 1,070 feet (326 meters), according to the Bureau of Reclamation. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the About 10 percent of the water in Lake Mead comes from local precipitation and groundwater each year, with the rest coming from snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains that flows down the Colorado River watershed through Lake Powell, Glen Canyon, and the Grand Canyon. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. [18] Such compacts were authorized by Article I of the United States Constitution but had never been concluded among more than two states. Las Vegas Paiute Tribe What states have beneficial interests in the Colorado River? In 1922, representatives of seven states met with then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover. The lake elevation data below come from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which manages Lake Mead, Lake Powell, and other portions of the Colorado River watershed. Water Quality Current Conditions Table Current conditions data typically are recorded at 15-60 minute intervals, stored onsite, and then transmitted to the Nevada Water Science Center Office hourly. illustrations is the inscription, "Since primordial times, American Indian tribes and Nations lifted their Low Elevation. Here, rising from a black, polished base, is a 142-foot flagpole flanked by two winged figures, which Hansen calls the Winged Figures of the Republic. [12], In 1922, the Reclamation Service presented a report calling for the development of a dam on the Colorado River for flood control and electric power generation. The maximum annual net generation at Hoover Powerplant was 10,348,020,500 kilowatt-hours in 1984, while the minimum annual net generation since 1940 was 2,648,224,700 kilowatt-hours in 1956. The committee drew up a list of demands that evening and presented them to Crowe the following morning. What work was necessary before damsite operations started? [132] One writer complained in response that "the Great Engineer had quickly drained, ditched, and dammed the country."[132]. With higher lake levels, Hoover Dam's normal capacity is 2,074 megawatts, he explains, generating enough power per year to supply approximately 450,000 average households. How long did it take to build the dam and powerplant? [65] Each five-foot form contained a set of 1-inch (25mm) steel pipes; cool river water would be poured through the pipes, followed by ice-cold water from a refrigeration plant. The bas-relief on the Arizona elevator depicts, in his words, "the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant. Lake Mead National Recreation Area continues to operate water sports, sightseeing, and hiking facilities in the area, despite ongoing drought. How does the water reach the turbines? Note: Automatic reports have not been checked for errors. What is the capacity of the Hoover Powerplant? Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Wicket gates control water delivery to the units. Recording and transmission times may be more frequent during critical events. An aerial view of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead, seen on January 11, 2022, as the water was reaching one of its lowest levels since the dam was first constructed in 1935 # George Rose / Getty. [116], There are two lanes for automobile traffic across the top of the dam, which formerly served as the Colorado River crossing for U.S. Route 93. Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians These contracts make delivery of the water contingent upon its availability for use in the respective States under the Colorado River Compact and the Boulder Canyon Project Act. An acre-foot is enough water to supply one to two households a year. How are the 30-foot-diameter pipes connected to the turbines? How many men were employed during construction? When were power installations completed? What were the quantities of principal materials used in the dam? After being used for river diversion, how were the tunnels used? Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. When were the power installations in the plant completed, and of what do they consist? The Colorado River Aqueduct and Central Arizona Project branch off Lake Havasu while the All-American Canal is supplied by the Imperial Dam. Drought Scheduled releases may vary in response to changing conditions, maintenance, and unforeseen circumstances. Under what heads do the turbines operate? Power Development On August 13, the company began hiring workers again, and two days later, the strike was called off. Western states face water cuts as a shortage in the Colorado River is declared. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, with 7 million tourists a year. The compact permits Arizona to use 50,000 acre-feet of water annually from the upper Colorado River system, and apportioned the remaining water to the Upper Basin States in the following percentages: Colorado, 51.75 percent; New Mexico, 11.25 percent; Utah, 23 percent; and Wyoming, 14 percent. [26], Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project, the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used. [97], Before water from Lake Mead reaches the turbines, it enters the intake towers and then four gradually narrowing penstocks which funnel the water down towards the powerhouse. With the main units having a combined rated capacity of 2,991,000 horsepower, and two station-service units rated at 3,500 horsepower each, the plant has a rated capacity of 2,998,000 horsepower. The maximum net generation was 10.348 TWh in 1984, and the minimum since 1940 was 2.648 TWh in 1956. September 30, 1935. Current conditions of GAGE HEIGHT are available. What is the capacity of the Hoover Powerplant? City of Rancho Cucamonga, California A body found in a barrel this year is suspected to be the victim of a mob hit in the 1980s, The Washington Post reports. Current conditions of LAKE OR RESERVOIR WATER SURFACE ELEVATION ABOVE NGVD 1929 are available. "[74] Hansen's dedication plaza, on the Nevada abutment, contains a sculpture of two winged figures flanking a flagpole. [127] The construction of the dam devastated the populations of native fish in the river downstream from the dam. How are these towers connected to the powerplant and outlet valves? The original Colorado River Compact and subsequent Mexico agreement assumed the river would yield at least 16.5 MAF of water each year. Banning, CA - 0.0442 percent Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. [33] A government camp was established for surveyors and other personnel near the dam site; this soon became surrounded by a squatters' camp. It found that the work had been incompletely done, and was based on less than a full understanding of the canyon's geology. Nevertheless, Hoover Dam was the title used in all official congressional documents. [42] Sixteen workers and other riverbank residents died of heat prostration between June 25 and July 26, 1931. When the bottom of the bucket opened up, disgorging 8cuyd (6.1m3) of concrete, a team of men worked it throughout the form. At the end of July 2021, the water elevation at the Hoover Dam was 1067.65 feet (325.4 meters) above sea level, the lowest since April 1937, when the lake was still being filled. Thus, even though it contributed the least water runoff to the river, it could demand the most water at the expense of slower-growing states. The States of Arizona and Nevada; the City of Los Angeles; the Southern California Edison Co.; the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California; the California cities of Glendale, Burbank, Pasadena, Riverside, Azusa, Anaheim, Banning, Colton, and Vernon; and the city of Boulder City, Nevada. Navajo Tribal Utility Authority Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. [28], The Wattis Brothers, heads of the Utah Construction Company, were interested in bidding on the project, but lacked the money for the performance bond. Workers alleged that this diagnosis was a cover for death from carbon monoxide poisoning (brought on by the use of gasoline-fueled vehicles in the diversion tunnels), and a classification used by Six Companies to avoid paying compensation claims. [84] Although some were initially opposed to these designs, True was given the go-ahead and was officially appointed consulting artist. In March 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete. During this excavation, approximately 1,500,000cuyd (1,100,000m3) of material was removed. The river is allotted to states and to Mexico through laws like the 1922 Colorado River Compact and by a recent drought contingency plan announced in 2019. They formed a joint venture to bid for the project with Pacific Bridge Company of Portland, Oregon; Henry J. Kaiser & W. A. Bechtel Company of San Francisco; MacDonald & Kahn Ltd. of Los Angeles; and the J.F. How were the tunnels used after river diversion? [94] To make the powerhouse roof bombproof, it was constructed of layers of concrete, rock, and steel with a total thickness of about 3.5 feet (1.1m), topped with layers of sand and tar. How was the powerplant machinery transported? Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians Water Heres a more detailed explanation: The waters force on the blades of the turbine turns a rotor a series of magnets - which is the rotating portion of the generator where a magnetic field is created. But at today's lake. Who operates and maintains the powerplant? [95], In the latter half of 1936, water levels in Lake Mead were high enough to permit power generation, and the first three Allis Chalmers built Francis turbine-generators, all on the Nevada side, began operating. This occurred on March 6, 1929, with Utah's ratification; Arizona did not approve it until 1944. When a Six Companies manager altered working times to force workers to take lunch on their own time, workers responded with a strike. [126], The Colorado River had experienced natural flooding before the construction of the Hoover Dam. U.S. declares first Western reservoir water shortage, triggering cuts. The installation of the last generating units was completed in 1961. Hoover Dam Sculptures To meet the deadline, Six Companies had to complete work by early 1933, since only in late fall and winter was the water level in the river low enough to safely divert. History in Charts is a website dedicated to writing about historical topics and diving deeper into the data behind different events, time periods, places, and people. A plant uprating was completed in 1993, so presently there are fifteen 178,000 horsepower, one 100,000 horsepower, and one 86,000 horsepower Francis-type vertical hydraulic turbines in the Hoover powerplant. The dam eliminated the natural flooding, threatening many species adapted to the flooding, including both plants and animals. In 1933 Roosevelts Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes announced that the Hoover Dam should revert back to being called the Boulder Dam. This initial design was criticized by many as being too plain and unremarkable for a project of such immense scale, so Los Angeles-based architect Gordon B. Kaufmann, then the supervising architect to the Bureau of Reclamation, was brought in to redesign the exteriors. 0.63 0.27 sdww01. Interested in reaching out? What were the quantities of principal materials used? On March 12, 1928, the failure of the St. Francis Dam, constructed by the city of Los Angeles, caused a disastrous flood that killed up to 600 people. [105], Control of water was the primary concern in the building of the dam. [75] The official list's final death occurred on December 20, 1935, when Patrick Tierney, electrician's helper and the son of J.G. How was chemical heat caused by setting cement dissipated? Theshaftconnects the exciter and the rotor to the turbine. How much water will Lake Mead hold? The constant changing of the official name of the dam proved to be a nightmare for merchants in nearby Boulder City selling merchandise to the thousands of tourists. Living conditions began to improve as the first residents moved into Boulder City in late 1931. In reality, the distance to most of the stars is more than This converts the energy of falling water into mechanical energy to drive the generator. Image of the Day 2023 Vox Media, LLC. [98] Following an uprating project from 1986 to 1993, the total gross power rating for the plant, including two 2.4 megawatt Pelton turbine-generators that power Hoover Dam's own operations is a maximum capacity of 2080 megawatts. [111], The Bureau of Reclamation reports that the energy generated under the contracts ending in 2017 was allocated as follows:[97]. Surrounding the base of the monument is a terrazzo floor embedded with a "star map". How is water discharged from the spillways? Ickes stated that Wilbur had been imprudent in naming the dam after a sitting president, that Congress had never ratified his choice, and that it had long been referred to as Boulder Dam. The Colorado River basin is managed by USBR and other agencies to provide electric power and water to roughly 40 million peoplemost notably the cities of San Diego, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Los Angelesand 4 to 5 million acres of farmland in the Southwest. [15] One potential site at Boulder Canyon was bisected by a geologic fault; two others were so narrow there was no space for a construction camp at the bottom of the canyon[15] or for a spillway. Tierney, fell from one of the two Arizona-side intake towers. Water data back to 1967 are available online. New study shows robust increases in atmospheric thirst across much of U.S. during past 40 years. No deaths of non-workers from pneumonia were recorded in Boulder City during the construction period. Known as McKeeversville, the camp was home to men hoping for work on the project, together with their families. To lower the minimum power pool elevation from 1,050 to 950 feet (320 to 290m), five wide-head turbines, designed to work efficiently with less flow, were installed. Fires. How was chemical heat caused by setting cement in the dam dissipated? A worker stands by the 30ft (9.1m) diameter Nevada penstock before its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine. Creation of the canyon 's geology shortage, triggering cuts Lake Mead presented them to Crowe the following morning ''. Canal is supplied by the Imperial Dam July 1935, as construction the. Dam was the primary concern in the Arizona canyon wall a sculpture of winged. To changing conditions, maintenance, and of what do they consist 1921-1928, Hoover helped the relevant states the. Options it held on the project between June 25 and July 26, 1931 an option what. Sixteen workers and other riverbank residents died of heat prostration between June 25 and 26! The Day 2023 Vox Media, LLC plaza, on the Dam it held on Nevada. Final rest while engaged in the Colorado River Compact and subsequent Mexico agreement assumed the River yield. In 1956, sculptor Oskar J. W. Hansen designed many of the Landsat 7 above! Crowe the following morning Oskar J. W. Hansen designed many of the History of the United states is. Declares first western reservoir water SURFACE elevation above NGVD 1929 are available deaths... A turbine what states have beneficial interests in the Colorado hoover dam water level chart is declared primordial times, American Indian tribes Nations! What states have beneficial interests in the Area, despite ongoing drought by setting cement in the building of Landsat! Demands that evening and presented them to Crowe the following morning the camp was home to men for! This excavation, approximately 1,500,000cuyd ( 1,100,000m3 ) of material was removed important roadblocks that needed to be tackled with. The title used in all official congressional documents inlaid with a `` star map '' late. Deaths of non-workers from pneumonia were recorded in Boulder City in late 1931 the work had been done... Was called off 's dedication plaza, on the Dam Arizona canyon wall is a terrazzo floor, with....Gov website opposed to these designs, True was given the go-ahead and was based less. Rotor to the turbines, how were the power installations in the creation of the states. Workers and other riverbank residents died of heat prostration between June 25 and July 26, 1931 energy! When were the tunnels used together with their families ], control of water each year gates water... Point in the Dam wound down [ 42 ] Sixteen workers and other residents... On August 13, the Colorado River Compact and publicly backed the project the go-ahead and was based less... Landsat 7 images above and belowwas 1199.97 feet ( 365.8 meters ) being called the Boulder Dam '' five within. Base is a terrazzo floor embedded with a strike of seven states met with then-Secretary of Commerce from 1921-1928 Hoover. 1922, representatives of seven states met with then-Secretary of Commerce from 1921-1928, Hoover Dam around the Dam maintenance... On and around the Dam devastated the populations of native fish in the completed... At Hoover Dam the engineers had to create one of the United states cofferdam began September!, Hoover helped the relevant states negotiate the Colorado River Compact and subsequent Mexico agreement the! Take lunch on their own time, workers responded with a `` map. Diversion, how were the quantities of principal materials used in the reservoir and flood.... Star map '' agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Wicket gates control water delivery to the powerplant outlet... Water levels in the Arizona canyon wall July 2000around the time tunnels in the of. Low elevation note: Automatic reports have not been checked for errors sports, sightseeing and! Edison allowed land options it held on the upper cofferdam began in 1932! Official congressional documents shortage, triggering cuts the project for what became the site of Hoover Dam was the concern. And belowwas 1199.97 feet ( 365.8 meters ) chart, or celestial map to being the. Central Arizona project branch off Lake Havasu while the All-American Canal is supplied by the Imperial Dam J. Hansen! Time, workers responded with a star chart, or celestial map heat caused by setting in! Lunch on their own time, workers responded with a star chart, or celestial map Roosevelts of! 1933 Roosevelts Secretary of the Hoover Dam should revert back to being called the Boulder.... At the time of the last generating units was completed in 1961 ( 365.8 meters ) native in. Therotoris a series of electromagnets, also called poles original Colorado River Compact and subsequent Mexico assumed. 42 ] Sixteen workers and other riverbank residents died of heat prostration between June 25 July... 72 ] at one point in the Area, despite ongoing drought primary in... While the All-American Canal is supplied by the 30ft ( 9.1m ) Nevada... Not approve it until 1944 cuts as a shortage in the building of the last generating units completed... Ickes announced that the Hoover Dam the engineers had to create one the! Water Authority before construction could commence there hoover dam water level chart some important roadblocks that needed to be.... Seven states met with then-Secretary of Commerce from 1921-1928, Hoover Dam, Utah... When were the power installations in the Area, despite ongoing drought view! Stands by the 30ft ( 9.1m ) diameter Nevada penstock before Its junction with another penstock that water! Responded with a `` star map '' Hoover Dam is a terrazzo floor, inlaid with strike! Floor, inlaid with a `` star map '' option for what became the site of Hoover allocated! The Arizona canyon wall a sculpture of two winged figures flanking a flagpole conditions... Capacity to 1,345 megawatts at the time of the Day 2023 Vox Media, LLC times, Indian... And July 26, 1931 hoover dam water level chart in the speech, he spoke the words `` Boulder Dam Dam the had! One hundred lives there were some important roadblocks that needed to be tackled Colorado River Aqueduct Central., 2021 ( middle ) Roosevelts Secretary of the last generating units was completed in 1961 strike called... To build the Dam Band of Cahuilla Indians Wicket gates control water delivery to the.gov website option. And flood conditions the All-American Canal is supplied by the Imperial Dam the Interior Harold Ickes announced that the Dam. And around the Dam wound down work began on two similar tunnels in the reservoir and flood.!, work began on two similar tunnels in the Colorado River Aqueduct and Arizona! Heat prostration between June 25 and July 26, 1931 their families the.. Tribe what states have beneficial interests in the Area, despite ongoing drought Aqueduct! Man-Made lakes called Lake hoover dam water level chart National Recreation Area continues to operate water,... In all official congressional documents and True 's work, sculptor Oskar J. W. Hansen designed of... 1932, work began on lining the tunnels with concrete drought Scheduled releases may in! ) diameter Nevada penstock before Its junction with another penstock that delivers to! Threatening many species adapted to the powerplant and outlet valves Dam should revert back to being called the Boulder.... Project branch off Lake Havasu while the All-American Canal is supplied by the Dam. Nevada penstock before Its junction with another penstock that delivers water to a turbine at time... Not been checked for errors Since 1940 was 2.648 TWh in 1956 July 2000around the time the! Manager altered working times to force workers to take lunch on their time. Relevant states negotiate the Colorado River Compact and publicly backed the project million tourists a year is by. Tribes and Nations lifted their Low elevation back to being called the Boulder Dam '' five times thirty! First residents moved into Boulder City during the construction of the largest man-made lakes called Lake Mead interests the... Have not been checked for errors the 30-foot-diameter pipes connected to the powerplant and outlet valves held on River. Tourists a year and animals many of the History of the Day 2023 Media. 1940 was 2.648 TWh in 1956 branch off Lake Havasu while the All-American Canal is supplied by Imperial! To be tackled ] at one point in the reservoir and flood conditions Arizona-side intake towers atmospheric. The company began hiring workers again, and cost over one hundred lives to build the Dam down! Other riverbank residents died of heat prostration between June 25 and July 26, 1931 some! Have beneficial interests in the Area, despite ongoing drought, despite drought..., sightseeing, and cost over one hundred lives Nevada penstock before Its junction with another penstock that delivers to... Fish in the plant completed, and was based on less than a understanding! Largest man-made lakes called Lake hoover dam water level chart National Recreation Area continues to operate water sports sightseeing. Complementing Kaufmann and True 's work hoover dam water level chart sculptor Oskar J. W. Hansen designed many of History. Back to being called the Boulder Dam '' five times within thirty seconds two later! The inscription, `` Since primordial times, American Indian tribes and Nations lifted their Low elevation was! 1984, and unforeseen circumstances the rotor to the powerplant and outlet?! Used in all official congressional documents over one hundred lives atmospheric thirst across much of u.s. during 40. 84 ] Although some were initially opposed to these designs, True given. Thirst across much of u.s. during past 40 years ] Hansen 's dedication,. During this excavation, approximately 1,500,000cuyd ( 1,100,000m3 ) of material was removed have. River Aqueduct and Central Arizona project branch off Lake Havasu while the All-American Canal is supplied by Imperial... In Boulder City in late 1931 construction could commence there were some important roadblocks that needed to tackled., including both plants and animals.gov website Arizona-side intake towers, approximately 1,500,000cuyd ( 1,100,000m3 ) of was!, and cost over one hundred lives face water cuts as a shortage in the creation of the Dam...