what was significant about the birth and childhood of samuel
Samuel repeatedly responds to Gods initial calling with Here am I, which are the first and only words, with slight variation, spoken directly by Samuel in the biblical account before his calling as a prophet (3:416). "Great is the reverence due to children." Several difficulties in reconstructing the era of the Judges, including its chronology, during what archaeologists call Iron AgeI, are identified in Jo Ann Hackett, There Was No King in Israel: The Era of the Judges, in The Oxford History of the Biblical World, ed. That the narrator of 1Samuel 13 instructively employs this convention is evident from the paired customary behaviors of eating/drinking and fasting, on the one hand, and hearing and seeing, on the other. and why is thy heart grieved? . Samuel, the son of Elkanah (of Ephraim) and Hannah, was born in answer to the prayer of his previously childless mother. and why eatest thou not? Theodore J. Lewis, Belial, in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:65456; Bible Dictionary, LDS edition of the Bible (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1979), s.v. On cue the next morning, Eli repeatedly demands that his protg share the details of his encounter with God. On Nov. 30, 1835, the small town of Florida, Mo. Structuring Devices: Play of Perspectives. Reflecting the intimacy of Samuels first encounter with God and its profound effect, this segment of the story is recounted primarily as dialogue. In gratitude she dedicated him to the service of the chief sanctuary of Shiloh, in the charge of the priest Eli. He was a faithful young servant who had God's favor. One night God spoke to Samuel while he was sleeping, and the boy mistook the Lord's voice for Eli's. This happened three times until the old priest realized God was speaking to Samuel. Samuel grew in wisdom and became a prophet. Birth of Samuel, 1 Samuel 1:1-28 & 2:1-11. Samuel was born about 1105BC and was the son of Elkanah and Hannah, from the tribe of Levi. Samuel was born in answer to Hannahs prayers. Samuels mother Hannah dedicated Samuel from birth to the Lord God and Samuel served God all his life. Samuel was asked by God to anoint two kings. The exposition also identifies the ritual officials at the temple of the Lord at Shiloh but in a casual, even offhand manner: And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the Lord, were there. While this simple declarative sentence names the personnel with the greatest spiritual status at Shiloh, its specific language implies two concerns. By faithfully filling the crucial roles of prophet, priest, and judge, Samuel helped to transform the House of Israel from a collection of weak and often warring tribes to a relatively permanent and somewhat stable nation in the contentious ancient Middle East. The Lord killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob & Esau, Perez, As portrayed in the text, Elkanah believes that Hannah should be more consoled by his worthy portion than had she born him ten sons.. And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests offices, that I may eat a piece of bread. The story of Samuels birth and calling sheds significant light on the larger biblical narrative of covenant Israel. The first seven verses of the introduction consist of what Alter calls narrativedescriptive details that locate the story within the broader temporal, spatial, social, and spiritual context of biblical Israel. 1 Samuel 1:19. From the simplest and most direct perspective, the story of Samuels birth and calling can be best understood in covenant terms. In 1 Samuel 13 alone, the Hebrew conjunction waw, translated and, appears more than 160times.34 The pattern and frequency of use of this conjunction imply that the narrator consciously employs it to integrate a series of increasingly significant, forward-moving events. . Samuel was born in answer to Hannahs prayers. And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him unto the house of the Lord in Shiloh: and the child was young. The first specific action in the Samuel story has Elkanah sharing with Hannah a worthy portion of the offering. Perhaps embarrassed by his hasty action and complete misjudgment, Eli quickly reverses himself and offers Hannah a blanket blessing, while remaining seemingly unaware of the specific purpose of her supplication.26. Brought to the Temple at Shiloh as a young child to serve God in And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? Characterization: Husband and Wife. All authors, even documentary historians, exercise considerable latitude in crafting their literary creations. Couplets are perhaps the most ubiquitous form of parallelism in the Hebrew Bible, considered to be as distinctive of Hebrew poetry as meter and rhyming are in Western poetic traditions. While we cannot be sure that the author crafted the Samuel story with such comparisons consciously in mind, the repeated inferred connections with other exemplary vignettes increase the probability of their intentionality. Making sense of the rhetorical, poetic, and structural features of a scriptural text necessitates in-depth and attentive reading, the benefits of which can be enhanced by these additional interpretive skills. The first story (1 Samuel 13) describes Samuels action as motivated by Sauls assumption of the prerogatives of the priesthood. 57. WebSignificance. Structuring Devices: Play of Perspectives. The dynamic interplay in the biblical text between narrow and broad perspectives (narrative and dialogue in Alters terms) comes into focus in the third segment of the Samuel story. 1113. (3:110, 1921; 4:1a). He then faded into the background, appearing at the sanctuary of Naioth (chapter 19). On the other hand, the language of the sons introduction bestows no honor or dignity to their priestly office. The story is also at the root of the priestly role imposed on Samuel at a later date in 1 Chronicles 6; but this is an effort to explain in terms of the later priesthood the sacred functions performed by Samuel. More in-depth and insightful exposition of a literary approach to scripture can be found in such sources as Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, trans. Collectively, the expressive elements of a text are called literary conventions, in part because they distinguish the writings of a given author, community, time period, or culture, and in part because they express the ways that groups of readers commonly interpret received texts. Her initial vow is made when motherhood is a worthy but still unrealized aspiration. Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the Lord: for men abhorred the offering of the Lord. McCarter, I Samuel, 6061 n.11, points out the poetic qualities of Hannahs prayer. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor of Theology, DePaul University, Chicago, 197078. 20. These scenes infer meaningful connections with other individuals and settings in the Hebrew and Christian Bibles that serve as positive and negative exemplars of Gods enduring covenant with his children. The fundamental bond of mutual remembrance that united God and man leads further to the observation that the covenant idea is obviously also important in this context: G.Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, trans. Samuel, the son of Elkanah (of Ephraim) and Hannah, was born in answer to the prayer of his previously childless mother. witnessed the birth of its most famous son. Therefore, it is important to utilize available data to further research and understand the risk factors for preterm death. The always busy Keke Palmer has added a new title to her long list of credits, and this one is much more important than all the others. However, nearly every specific detail of introduction is marginal to the larger history of Israel in the Holy Land. Chapters 13 of 1 Samuel1 describe the miraculous origins and auspicious upbringing of the first major Hebrew prophet since Joshua, who by all measures lived centuries before Samuel.2 The biblical account of Samuels beginnings forecasts the exceptional ministry of the man who served as Israels last complete sovereign. for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. Crafting this key story in an artful way enriches the reading experience and rewards attentive readers with nuances and levels of insight. Auerbach, Mimesis, 118; Alter, Art, 11430; Sternberg, Poetics, 32164. By contrast, Hannahs firstborn achieves the rare and noble quality of knowing the Lord at the time of his divine call, even though the lad is not yet ordained. The king is chosen not by divine election but by lot, implying that no special qualities were required, and the bashful candidate has to be summoned from a hiding place. Acknowledging that the meaning of a particular text is enhanced by a legacy of readers does not necessarily mean that its authors original literary intentions are therefore irrelevant to the hermeneutical quest. I accept the claim and will incorporate this additional sentence into this analysis, as appropriate. Often, though not always, these firsts reveal essential character traits and roles. The story of Samuels life begins with the very touching scene of Hannah, a wife of Elkanah, praying to God at the tabernacle in Shiloh. Gender: Female. Regarding the poetic qualities of Hannahs song, see McCarter, ISamuel, 6776. and why eatest thou not? And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force. Berlin, Parallelism, 7, speaks for many in observing that biblical poetry is characterized by a high incidence of terse, balanced parallelism. While 1 Samuel 13 is structured mostly as a prose narrative, Hannahs song (2:110) is organized as a series of couplets, with a few triads added for aesthetic interest and interpretive emphasis. Role. Customary Behavior: Eating/Drinking and Fasting. Samuel, Hebrew Shmuel, (flourished 11th century bc, Israel), religious hero in the history of Israel, represented in the Old Testament in every role of leadership open to a Jewish man of his dayseer, priest, judge, prophet, and military leader. And she said, Let thy handmaid find grace in thy sight. Type Scene: Victory Song. The barren hath born seven and she that hath many children is waxed feeble (2:5) alludes to the contrast between Hannah, who miraculously bore Samuel and several other children, and her perpetual provocateur Peninnah, who had children but whose lineage is worthy of no further mention in the Hebrew Bible.49. 36. And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The Lord give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the Lord. He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. 56. 69. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the Lord, were there. WebSaul, along with three of his sons die in a battle with the Philistines. The most crucial literary features frequently appear as patterns in the text such as sequences and interruptions, parallels and contrasts, redundancies and gaps, and nuances and connotations of meaning. While Elkanah focuses on outward and formal family concerns and is emotionally distant from everyone in the narrative, including his wife and children, Hannah is consistently preoccupied with personal devotions to God and is emotionally connected with everyone around her, regardless of their attitude toward her. are dependent on the manipulation of a fixed constellation of predetermined motifs. This latitude is manifest in a myriad of editorial choices, such as selecting which contents to include or omit; ordering the contents into an account of some kind; linking details of the story in meaningful ways; coloring the account with particular words, phrases, modifiers, and qualifiers; and shaping its settings, characters, and events. And the priests custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priests servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a flesh-hook of three teeth in his hand; And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. On the contrary, Alter reflects on the sophistication of this convention in the Hebrew Bible: Nowhere else in ancient literature have the quirkiness and unpredictability of individual character and the frictions and tensions of family life . Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. Hannahs song of exultation on an auspicious occasion elicits positive comparison with Moses, Miriam, and David in the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 15, Deuteronomy 3132, 2 Samuel 22) and Zacharias, Mary, and Simeon in the Christian Bible (Luke 12).50, And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. Subsequent details reveal his diminished capacities and casual attitude, indicating a chronic lack of care for his priestly duties. The first consists of a set of rapid-fire rhetorical questions ostensibly intended to comfort his then-barren and bereft wife, Why weepest thou? Political Accomplishments of Samuel Adams. And the Lord visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. It also serves the broader narrative as the renewal of an ancient and sacred covenant with God, with Samuel serving as its object and agent.71 Such a perspective allows readers to see 1 Samuel 13 as an integrated, focused, and crucial contribution to Gods perpetual effort to fulfill sacred promises and renew an enduring relationship with his covenant people. Birth Year: 1797. In the context of Samuels calling, neither yada nor shakab have sexual connotations. On the complementarity of individuals physical traits and spiritual qualities in the Hebrew Bible, see Alter, Moses, xixxxiii. Andre LaCocque and Paul Ricoeur, Thinking Biblically: Exegetical and Hermeneutical Studies, trans. The concept of covenant not only unifies this brief but auspicious narrative but also positions it centrally within the larger epic of Gods ancient covenant people in the holy land. The contrast in meaning between the spiritual condition of the sons of Eli and that of Samuel in relation to this verb is revealed in the respective tenses. Web1 Samuel 1. The Birth of Samuel. He has been president or board member of a variety of state, regional, and national professional service organizations. WebSamuel Slater (June 9, 1768 April 21, 1835) was an early English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution", a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson, and the "Father of the American Factory System".In the United Kingdom, he was called "Slater the Traitor" and "Sam the Slate" because he brought British textile bringeth low, and lifteth up (2:7) reinforces the contrast between the house of Eli, which is rejected by the Lord despite its long-standing and prominent ritual status in Israel, and the previously obscure house of Elkanah, which is blessed by God to effect a substantial, enduring, beneficial transformation among all Israel (2:2736; 3:1114, 1921). On the progressive contrast of Elis sons with Hannahs firstborn, see McCarter, I Samuel, 7785. From a human perspective, the text features two complementary protagonists who come into focus in the principal vignettes of the storyHannah and Samuel.72 Hannahs key role in this social drama73 is to make a solemn vow to God and fulfill its initial terms through the bearing and nurturing of her first born (1:12:10). Elkanah has only two direct speeches in the entire story. Yet, his roles as prophet, seer, and judge are all incredible in certain respects, apart from the fact that each of them is considerable. . Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. Leitwrter: establish and cut off. Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord, neither was the word of the Lord revealed unto him. 35. . Scholars recognize that genealogies perform at least three complementary roles in the Hebrew Bible: (1)introducing and declaring the identity of a distinctive group or individual, (2)demarcating one significant narrative from others in the larger text, and (3)schematizing complex historical evolution. Alter, Moses, 34n; 53 nn. 26. WebChildhood obesity increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life. While paqad implies Gods continuing special favor of and care for Hannah in accordance with the priests final blessing, the verb does not usually have the strong covenant connotations of zakhor (remember).59. Updates? 61. And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Moreover, Polzin acknowledges the complementarity of all direct speeches in a particular story, regardless of the identity of the speaker. The Lord . The biblical scene . WebThe boy Samuel grew up in the service of the LORD. Type Scene: Female Spiritual Initiative. . By contrast, Samuels direct reception of the word of God qualifies him as an authentic prophet unto all Israel. In the Hebrew Bible, the calling of a prophet by God is often an essential portion of his recorded ministry.65. Rising from humble beginnings, Adams played frontline roles in sparking the Revolutionary Wars against the And Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and the LORD remembered her. 65. (1:18). Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto. Characterization: Husband and Wife. JPS Tanakh 1917 The reiterated and, then, plays an important role in creating the rhythm of the story, in phonetically punctuating the forward driving movement of the prose. Risking an overly simplistic introduction of this convention, the present study recognizes two general perspectives in the Hebrew Bible, contrasted by scope. They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble. Indications are that they were a group of fanatical religious and national conservatives. . 5. Structuring Devices: Exposition.The first seven verses of the introduction consist of what Alter calls narrativedescriptive details that locate the story within the broader temporal, spatial, social, and spiritual context of biblical Israel. While this curse represents the single most extended direct speech in 1 Samuel 13, the precise interaction between the man of God and his Master is completely omitted from the story. And Eli perceived that the Lord had called the child. The shift implies that Hannahs relationship with Samuel and the Lord has become far more nuanced and meaningful than before. WebHe is the fifth of nine children born to Major Samuel and Elizabeth (Paxton) Houston. (19-20) Samuels miraculous conception and his birth. By stark contrast, Hannah has neither formal status nor ritual position in the worship of JHWH. In ancient Israel, children were considered a clear sign of Gods blessing (see Psalm 127:3 ). And the Lord called Samuel again the third time. Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the Lord God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him. 11. McCarter, I Samuel, 8693, identifies several literary features of the text which indicate that, as a result of Samuels ministry, Israels future as recounted in the Hebrew Bible will be considerably different than its past. Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people? He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill. So, it may be that 1Samuel 13 both influenced and was influenced by the crafting of other biblical stories. International Standard Version The LORD took note of Hannah, and she became pregnant and gave birth to three sons and two daughters. And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; That the Lord called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. For one, A full gift of her son means not conveying him to the House of the Lord while he still requires his mother, lest he be a burden there; and perfect fulfillment [of her vow] implies not bringing him to the sanctuary so long as it is impossible to leave him there forever, lest she appear to be violating her vow.44 Therefore, the narrators insertion of the seemingly innocuous exchange between Samuels parents in verses2223. 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